规则10 使用正确的代词格[rule-10]

人称代词以及代词who，在充当主语或宾语时会改变形式。

• Will Jane or he be hired, do you think?
• The culprit, it turned out, was he.
• We heavy eaters would rather walk than ride.
• Who knocks?
• Give this work to whoever looks idle.

在最后一个例子中，whoever是looks idle的主语；介词to的宾语是整个子句whoever looks idle。当who引导一个从属子句时，它的格取决于它在那个子句中的功能。

• 误：Virgil Soames is the candidate whom we think will win.
• 正：Virgil Soames is the candidate who we think will win.

（我们认为he会赢。）

• 误：Virgil Soames is the candidate who we hope to elect.
• 正：Virgil Soames is the candidate whom we hope to elect.

（我们希望选出him。）

比较中的代词，如果是一个明确出现或隐含的动词的主语，就取主格。

Sandy writes better than I. (Than I write.)

一般来说，要避免“隐含”的动词，把它们补出来。

• 误：I think Horace admires Jessica more than I.
• 正：I think Horace admires Jessica more than I do.

• 误：Polly loves cake more than me.
• 正：Polly loves cake more than she loves me.

以下例子中用宾格是正确的。

• The ranger offered Shirley and him some advice on campsites.
• They came to meet the Baldwins and us.
• Let's talk it over between us, then, you and me.
• Whom should I ask?
• A group of us taxpayers protested.

最后一个例子里的Us与taxpayers同位，而taxpayers是介词of的宾语。这种措辞虽然从语法上说得通，却很少贴切。“A group of us protested as taxpayers”更好，尽管并非完全等义。

以简单的人称代词作主语。

• 误：Blake and myself stayed home
• 正：Blake and I stayed home

• 误：Howard and yourself brought the lunch, I thought.
• 正：Howard and you brought the lunch, I thought.

代词的所有格用于表示所属关系。它有两种形式：形容词性修饰语，如your hat；以及名词形式，如a hat of yours。

The dog has buried one of your gloves and one of mine in the flower bed.

动名词通常要求用所有格。

Mother objected to our driving on the icy roads.

另一方面，作为动词性词语的现在分词用宾格。

They heard him singing in the shower.

动词性分词与动名词之间的区别并不总是显而易见，但请注意以下每句真正说的是什么。

• Do you mind me asking a question?
• Do you mind my asking a question?

在第一个句子中，被质疑的反对对象是me去问一个问题，而不是群体中其他成员去问。在第二个例子中，问题在于究竟可不可以问一个问题。